Solar roofing system

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method for connecting solar panels to a roof system surface. The solar panels can be formed flexible or non-flexible solar panels that are at least partially attached to a roofing surface by use of a fastener.

The present invention claims priority on U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. Nos. 61/187,415 filed Jun. 16, 2009; 61/184,984 filed Jun. 8, 2009;and 61/161,252 filed Mar. 18, 2009, all of which are incorporated hereinby reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to solar panels, and generally to solarpanels that can be connected to building structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Rising energy costs, a public awareness to become more energyindependent and environmentally friendly, and the reduction in the costsassociated with solar panels has resulted in both consumers andcommercial entities to consider retrofitting existing buildings withsolar panels or to design new buildings that include solar panels. Forinstance, non-commercial and commercial owners and developers areincreasingly considering alternative sources of energy to offsetcontinued price increases of energy. As such, solar energy has receivedincreased attention as an alternative renewable, non-polluting energysource to produce electricity as a substitute to other non-renewableenergy resources.

One of the more popular means to generate energy for a building is solarpower. Solar panels use a photovoltaic system that converts light energyinto electricity. Some building structures have solar panels installedon their rooftops to obtain electricity generated from the sun. Thesesolar panels can be installed on many types of roof systems as “standalone” solar systems. Most solar panels are mechanically attached (e.g.,bolts, screws, nails, rivets, etc.) to the top surface of a roof system.Furthermore, such solar panel systems typically require separate supportstructures that are typically bolted together to form an array of largersolar panels. The mounting arrays for such solar panels can requirestructural upgrades to the building due to added weight of the supportstructures and the solar panels. Additionally, these traditionalmechanical arrangements for securing the solar panels to the roofingsystem require the forming of holes in the roof system surface and/orother modifications to the surface of the roof system that can impairthe integrity of the roof surface. For instance, multiple penetrationsof the roof membrane when installing the multiple solar panels cancompromise the water-tightness of the roof system. Consequently, thewater resistant or repellant properties of the roof system can beimpaired when installing solar panels on a roof system. Furthermore,these mechanical connectors can become rusted and corroded overtime,thus becoming difficult to remove, thereby a) increasing the time andcost associated with the repair of the solar panel and/or b) increasingthe incidence of damage to the solar panel, solar panel mountingarrangement and/or roofing system.

One common arrangement to connect solar panels to a roofing systemwithout the need of traditional mechanical fasteners is the use ofballast blocks that are laid on a racking system for the solar panels.However, the use of ballast blocks adds significant weight to a roofingsystem, thus the use of ballast blocks cannot always be used on buildingstructures when such building structures cannot support such addedweight. In addition, the use of ballast blocks cannot be used on slopedroof surfaces, thus limiting the use of such arrangements to flatroofing systems.

Another solar panel attachment arrangement is disclosed in United StatesPatent Publication No. 2008/0245399 and 2008/0245404. A hook and loopconnector (e.g., Velcro connector) is used to secure solar panels to aroof surface. Although such a connection arrangement at first appearancemay seem appealing, there are many questions concerning whether such aconnection arrangement can properly and successfully secure solarroofing panels to a roof surface overtime, especially in wind proneregions or on a sloped roof system.

In view of the current state of solar technology and roof systems, thereis a continued need for a solar panel connector that easily,conveniently, and cost effectively connects solar panels to a roofsystem without damaging the roof system and/or the solar panels, whichcan be used on many types of roof systems without the need to modify orstructurally enhance the roof system, and which can be used on slopedand non-sloped roof systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates a connection arrangement to attach solarpanels to a roofing system and/or the siding system of a building orother type of structure. More particularly, the invention relates to aconnection arrangement and method for attaching one or more solar panels(e.g., photovoltaic panels) to the surface of a roofing system and/orthe siding system of a building or other type of structure. Theconnection arrangement of the present invention that is used to attachsolar panels to the roofing system and/or the siding system is designedto be used with a number of different roof systems (e.g., single ply,MB, BUR, asphalt shingled system, wood shingled system, built-up roofingsystem, concrete roofing system, metal roofing system, etc.). Indeed,the connection arrangement of the present invention can be used toattach many different types of solar panels to many different, if notall, types of commercial and residential roof systems and/or sidingsystems. The connection arrangement of the present invention may also beused to connect solar panels to the siding of buildings, houses, and thelike. The connection arrangement of the present invention can be used toattach many different types of solar panels (e.g., framed solar panels,thin film and flexible solar panels, etc.) to the roofing system and/orthe siding system. Indeed, the connection arrangement of the presentinvention can be used to attach most, if not all, types solar panels toa siding system of a building or other type of structure. The connectionarrangement of the present invention is not dependent on the type ofsolar panel, the configuration of the solar panel, or the materials usedto form the solar panel. The connection arrangement of the presentinvention used to attach solar panels to a roofing system and/or asiding system of a building or other type of structure is designed to 1)be durable, 2) be lightweight, 3) be useable in many different types ofweather conditions encountered by such systems, 4) require little or nomodifications to the structure of an existing roofing system and/orsiding system of a building or other type of structure, 5) be costeffective, and/or 6) be simple to install.

Many types of solar panels can be secured to a roofing system and/or asiding system of a building or other type of structure by the connectionarrangement in accordance with the present invention. One non-limitingtype of solar panel that can be used is a solar panel formed of areinforced single-ply membrane and a pattern of photovoltaic solarcells. Such solar cells are typically laminated to the membrane andencapsulated in a potting material; however, this is not required. Theplurality of solar cells are typically interconnected by conductors withthe inner rows being connected to the outer rows by bus bars at one end,and with the other ends terminating in parallel connection bars. Anotherknown “combination” system for solar panels includes an integratedphotovoltaic roofing component and panel that reduces the need forseparate installers to handle roofing materials and solar and relatedelectrical components. The integrated solar or photovoltaic roofingcomponent and panel includes a flexible membrane sheet and a pluralityof elongated solar or photovoltaic modules. The plurality of elongatedphotovoltaic modules are attached to a top surface of the flexiblemembrane sheet. Each module is arranged side-by-side or end to end suchthat the electrical leads are located at adjacent ends of the modules.As such, the wiring ends can be aligned with and/or adjacent to eachother to form the integrated photovoltaic roofing component or panel.The electrical interconnections between individual solar cells of thesolar module can be completed before the plurality of solar modules areadhered to the flexible membrane; however, this is not required. As aresult, an installer may not be required to connect positive andnegative electrodes of each individual solar cell, thereby reducing theelectrical interconnections between all the solar cells and modules. Assuch, the integrated photovoltaic roofing panel can be unrolled onto aroof of a building structure and installed and properly connected withfewer electrical components and connections than conventionalcombination photovoltaic systems. The edges of the elongated solarmodules can be encapsulated with a sealant; however, this is notrequired. The type, shape and/or composition of the solar panels thatcan be used in the present invention is non-limiting. It is believedthat all types of solar panels can be used in the present invention.Non-limiting examples of solar panel arrangements, configurations and/orapplications that can be used in the present invention are disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 3,459,597; U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,881; U.S. Pat. No.4,193,820; U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,120; U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,200; U.S. Pat.No. 4,485,264; U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,838; U.S. Pat. No. 4,574,160; U.S.Pat. No. 4,636,577; U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,578; U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,579;U.S. Pat. No. 4,674,244; U.S. Pat. No. 4,691,076; U.S. Pat. No.4,860,509; U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,554; U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,939; U.S. Pat.No. 5,164,020; U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,518; U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,592; U.S.Pat. No. 5,437,735; U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,569; U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,788;U.S. Pat. No. 5,575,861; U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,495; U.S. Pat. No.5,746,839; U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,779; U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,287; U.S. Pat.No. 5,990,414; U.S. Pat. No. 5,998,729; U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,042; U.S.Pat. No. 6,061,978; U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,189; U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,703;U.S. Pat. No. 6,148,570; U.S. Pat. No. 6,182,403; U.S. Pat. No.6,201,180; U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,987; U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,559; U.S. Pat.No. 6,295,818; U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,477; U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,314; U.S.Pat. No. 6,421,966; U.S. Pat. No. 6,462,265; U.S. Pat. No. 6,465,724;U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,593; U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,750; U.S. Pat. No.6,501,013; U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,703; U.S. Pat. No. 6,553,729; U.S. Pat.No. 6,570,084; U.S. Pat. No. 6,617,507; U.S. Pat. No. 6,670,541; U.S.Pat. No. 6,675,580; U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,081; U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,841;U.S. Pat. No. 7,342,171; United States Patent Publication Nos. US2001/0045228; US 2001/0054262; US 2002/0043031; US 2002/0046764; US2002/0078991; US 2002/0129849; US 2003/0070368; US 2003/0094193; US2003/0116185; US 2003/0163964; US 2003/0217768; US 2004/0144043; US2005/0072456; US 2005/0178428; US 2005/0178429; US 2007/0084501; US2008/0053519; US 2008/0245399; US 2008/0245399; US 2008/0245404;US2008/0245409; Foreign Patent Nos. DE 298 24 045; EP 1856744; EP1191606; EP 1191605; EP 1742274; EP 1588424; EP 111394; GB 2 296 263; JP10-102687; JP 11-22127; WO 84/00253; all of which are fully incorporatedherein by reference. The manufacture, operation and use of these solarpanels are disclosed in detail in the above patents, patent applicationsand articles, thus such manufacture, operation and use of such solarpanels will not be described herein in detail since such information isincorporated herein. The present invention enables various types ofsolar panels to be easily connected to and/or disconnected from varioustypes of roof systems and/or siding systems. As used in the presentinvention, the term “flexible solar panel” refers to any type of solarpanel that is fully or semi-flexible. Generally, flexible solar panelsare thin film systems; however, this is not required. As also usedherein, the term “non-flexible solar panels” refers to any solar panelthat a generally rigid structure. Generally non-flexible solar panelsinclude one or more rigid plates of silica or glass that may or may becontained in a frame; however, it will be appreciated that suchnon-flexible solar panels can be formed of other or additionalmaterials, and/or may or may not be framed. As also can be appreciated,some glass or crystalline type solar panels can be secured to a flexiblebacking (e.g., Lumeta PowerPly), thereby making such glass orcrystalline type solar panels semi-flexible. For purposes of thisinvention, such solar panels are considered “flexible solar panels”.

In another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, the connection arrangement includes one or more adhesivestrips secured to the bottom surface of a solar panel and/or one or moreadhesive strips secure to a roof surface, roofing material, sidingsurface, siding material, or some other structure that is connected tothe roof and/or siding surface. The length, width and/or thickness ofone or more strips is non-limiting. When a single strip is connected tothe bottom surface of a solar panel, the single strip can be applied tothe complete bottom surface of the solar panel, or to a portion of thebottom surface of the solar panel. In addition, the width of the stripcan be greater, equal to or less than the width of the solar panel.Generally the single strip is irremovably connected to the bottomsurface of the solar panel. Likewise, when a plurality of strips areconnected to the bottom surface of a solar panel, the plurality stripscan be applied to the complete bottom surface of the solar panel or to aportion of the bottom surface of the solar panel. These strips aregenerally irremovably connected to the bottom surface of the solarpanel. In addition, the width of one or more of the strips can begreater, equal to or less than the width of the solar panel.Furthermore, the one or more strips that are connected to the bottomsurface of the solar panel can extend beyond the edges of the solarpanel; however, this is not required. If two are more strips are used,the strips can have the same or different length, width and/orthickness. The width and/or thickness of the strips can be the same orvary along the longitudinal length of the strip. Generally, each striphas a width of at least about 0.1 inch, typically about 0.25-50 inches,more typically 0.5-20 inches, and even more typically about 1-5 inches.Furthermore, the strip generally has a thickness of at least about 0.01inch, typically about 0.1-5 inches, and more typically about 0.2-2inches. The strips can be used with flexible solar panels and/ornon-flexible solar panels. The strips can be used to attach solar panelsdirectly to a roof surface, siding surface, and/or to other structuresthat are connected to a roof and/or siding surface. The one or morestrips can be connected to the bottom surface of the solar panels bymany means (e.g., adhesive or bonding materials, melt bond, rivets,staples, sewn connection, laminations, clamps, etc.). The one or morestrips can also or alternatively be connected to the roof surface or onemore structures on the roof surface and/or siding surface by many means(e.g., adhesive or bonding materials, melt bonded, rivets, laminations,staples, clamps, etc.). Generally the one or more strips are thatconnected to the roof surface, siding surface, or one more structures onthe roof surface and/or siding surface, when used, are connected at alocation that coincides with the desired arrangement of solar panels onthe roof system. The use of one or more strips to secure the solarpanels to a roof system and/or siding system has several advantages suchas, but not limited to, 1) creates a strong connection between the solarpanels and the roofing system and/or siding system such that the solarpanels can be connected to sloped and non-sloped roof systems, 2)creates a strong connection between the solar panels and the roofingsystem and/or siding system such that the solar panels can be connectedto roof systems and/or siding system that exist in many types ofenvironments (e.g., windy regions, warm regions, cold regions, tropicalregions, etc.), 3) does not create significant added weight to a roofsystem and/or siding system, 4) allows for fast and simple installationof the solar panels on a roof system and/or siding system, and/or 5) cancreate an air space between the solar panels and the roofing systemand/or siding system that can allow for heat dissipation so as to reducethe incidence of heat damage to the solar panels, and/or the roof systemand/or siding system.

In still another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, at least one strip of a connection arrangement issecured at or along a bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of asolar panel. One non-limiting example of a strip of a connectionarrangement is an adhesive strip that includes an adhesive surface onone or both sides of the strip. Another non-limiting example of a stripof connection arrangement is a strip of material that is connected tothe solar panel by use of an adhesive, melted bond, welded bond, solderbond, mechanical connection (e.g., rivet, sewn, stitched, nailed,clamped, etc.). The strip when connected to the solar panel is generallydesigned to be irremovably connected to the solar panel; however, thisis not required. The strip may be a flexible or non-flexible material.The material used to form the strip is non-limiting (e.g., plastic,fabric, wood, metal, ceramic, composite material, etc.). In onenon-limiting arrangement, one strip is connected along the completelength of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel. In another non-limiting arrangement, a plurality of strips areconnected along the partial length of the bottom side longitudinal edgeand/or end edge of the solar panel. In still another non-limitingarrangement, at least one strip is connected along at least 50% of thelength of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel. When at least one strip is connected to less than the completelength of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel, the at least one strip is generally connected to at least 60% ofthe length of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of thesolar panel, typically at least 75% of the length of the bottom sidelongitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solar panel, more typically atleast 80% of the length of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or endedge of the solar panel, and still more typically at least 90% of thelength of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel. In yet another non-limiting arrangement, a plurality of stripsare connected along at least 50% of the length of the bottom sidelongitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solar panel. When a pluralityof strips are connected to less than the complete length of the bottomside longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solar panel, the aplurality of strips are generally connected to at least 60% of thelength of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel, typically at least 75% of the length of the bottom sidelongitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solar panel, more typically atleast 80% of the length of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or endedge of the solar panel, and still more typically at least 90% of thelength of the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel. In still yet another and/or alternative non-limiting arrangement,when one or more strips are connected to the bottom side longitudinaledge and/or end edge of the solar panel, the one or more strips can beconnected so that the edge of the one or more strips of themushroom-type hook strip system is aligned with the bottom sidelongitudinal edge, overlaps the bottom side longitudinal edge, and/orend edge of the solar panel or is spaced from the bottom sidelongitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solar panel. When the one ormore strips are spaced from the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or endedge of the solar panel, the one or more strips are generally spacedfrom the bottom side longitudinal edge and/or end edge of the solarpanel at a distance of less than about 10 inches, typically less thanabout 3 inches, more typically less than about 2 inches, and even moretypically less than about 1 inch; however, other spacing can be used.

In yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, at least one strip can be secured at or along a plurality ofbottom side longitudinal edges and/or end edges of the solar panel.Generally, the flexible solar panel has a generally rectangular shape,thus has two generally long parallel side edges and two generallyshorter parallel edge edges. Likewise, non-flexible solar panels alsohave a generally rectangular shape, thus have two generally longparallel side edges and two generally shorter parallel edge edges.However, it can be appreciated that the flexible solar panel and/ornon-flexible solar panel can have a square shape or some other polygonalshape (e.g., triangular, pentagonal, etc.). For such shaped solarpanels, any of the generally straight edges of these non-rectangularsolar panels can be considered a side longitudinal edge for purposes ofthis invention.

In still yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, at least one strip of the connection arrangement canbe secured at a location that is spaced from the bottom sidelongitudinal edges and/or end edges of the solar panel and which is alsopositioned between two or more strips of the connection arrangement thatare secured at a location that is closer to the bottom side longitudinaledges and/or end edges of the solar panel. In one non-limitingarrangement, three of more sets of strip are secured to the bottom of asolar panel. The use of three of more sets of strips can 1) bettersecure the solar panel to a roof system, 2) reduce the amount ofmovement of the solar panel on a roof system, and/or 3) reduce theamount of uplift of the solar panel from the roof system when wind blowson the top surface of the solar panel. In one non-limitingconfiguration, the first two sets of strip are secured at or near thebottom side longitudinal edges of the solar panel, and the third set ofstrip is positioned between the first two sets of strip and along thelongitudinal length of the solar panel. One or two or all three sets ofstrip can be formed of a single continuous strip, or be foamed of aplurality of strip sections. Two or all three sets of strip can bealigned generally parallel to one another; however, this is notrequired. Generally at least two of the three sets of strip are alignedgenerally parallel to one another along the longitudinal length of thesolar panel. In one non-limiting arrangement, the third set of strip ispositioned generally parallel to the first two sets of strip; however,it will be appreciated that the third set of strip can be oriented inother or additional way (e.g., perpendicular to the first two sets ofstrip, positioned at some non-parallel and non-perpendicular angle tothe first to sets of strip, etc.). The third set of strip can bepositioned in the center to the first two sets of strip and/or beoff-center from the first two sets of strip along the longitudinallength of the solar panel. As can also be appreciated, more than threesets of strip can be connected to the bottom surface of the solar panel.As can also be appreciated, many configurations or patterns of the oneor more sets of strip can be connected to the bottom surface of thesolar panel.

In another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, the roof surface and/or siding surface can be fully orpartially covered with one or more strips of the connection arrangement.Generally the one or more strips irremovably connected to the roofingand/or siding surface; however, this is not required. When the roofsystem is not fully covered with one or more strips, the one or morestrips that are connected to the roof system are typically positioned onthe roof system such that one or more of the strips are partially orfully aligned with one or more strips that are connected to the bottomsurface of the solar panels; however, this is not required. In onenon-limiting arrangement, a plurality of strips are connected to a roofsystem such that when the solar panels are connected to the roof system,the strips on the roof system are fully or partially aligned with one ormore or all of the strips that are connected to the bottom of the solarpanels. As defined herein, roof system means a pre-existing roof systemthat has been modified to include the connection arrangement of thepresent invention, and/or roofing materials that are attached to theroof of a building or other type of structure, which roofing materialshave been preformed or subsequently modified to include the connectionarrangement of the present invention. Framing or mounting structuresthat are part of the solar panels are considered parts of the solarpanels for purposes of this invention.

In still another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, the strip of connection arrangement can be in theform of a strip of adhesive tape. An adhesion platform can be applied tothe solar panel and/or to the roofing system prior to securing theadhesive tape to the solar panel and/or to the roofing system; however,this is not required. The strip of adhesive tape can be partially orfully pre-applied to the solar panel and/or to the roofing system;however, this is not required. One or more sides of the adhesive tapecan include a removable film or cover that protects the one or moreadhesive surfaces of the adhesive tape; however, this is not required.When the film or cover is removed, the adhesive surface of the adhesivetape can be exposed; however, this is not required. The adhesive tapecan have the top and/or bottom surface include an adhesive contactsurface. When the adhesive tape has two adhesive sides, the type ofadhesive on the two sides can be the same or different. The type ofadhesive used on the adhesive tape is non-limiting. Generally, theadhesive used on the adhesive tape is a contact adhesive that forms abond when pressed to a surface; however, this is not required.

In yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, there is provided an adhesion platform for use on the solarpanel and/or roofing system and/or siding system; however, this is notrequired. The use of an adhesion platform on the roof surface and/orsiding surface, and/or on the bottom surface of the solar panel isoptional. The adhesion platform when used, is used to enhance thestrength of the bond between 1) the adhesion platform and a roof surfaceand/or siding surface, 2) the adhesion platform and a solar panel, or 3)two adhesion platforms when an adhesion platform is connected to boththe solar panel and a roof surface and/or siding surface. The adhesionplatform is generally one or more strips of material that are bonded tothe roof surface and/or siding surface, and/or on the bottom surface ofthe solar panel. The one or more strips of material of the adhesionplatform can fully or partially cover the bottom surface of the solarpanel and/or the top surface of a roof system and/or siding system. Thetype of material used to form the strip of adhesion platform isnon-limiting. Generally, the adhesion platform is formed of wood, meshmaterial, fleece material, woven and/or non-woven material, metalmaterial, ceramic material, fiber glass material, composite material,plastic material, polymer coating, plated material and/or somecombination thereof. As can also be appreciated, the adhesion platformcan be formed of a coating of one or more materials on the bottomsurface of the solar panel and/or the top surface of a roof systemand/or siding system. The adhesion platform can be secured and/orapplied to the roof surface and/or siding surface, and/or on the bottomsurface of the solar panel by any number of arrangements. Non-limitingexamples of securing arrangements include, but are not limited to,mechanical arrangements (e.g., nail, screw, bolt, clamp, rivet, staple,lock, snap, tongue and groove connection, etc.); welded or solderedconnections; melted bonding; adhesive bonding (e.g., adhesives, bitumencoatings, modified bitumen coatings, coal tar and/or asphalt coatings,etc.); and/or combinations of any of these connection arrangements. Whenthe adhesion platform is or includes a coating, non-limiting examples ofcoating process include, but are not limited to, plating; coating (e.g.,dip coating, spray coating, air-knife, brush coating, etc.); and/orcombinations of any of these connection arrangements. As can beappreciated, the connection arrangement that is used to connect one ormore strips to the surface of the strip of adhesion platform can be thesame or different from the connection arrangement used to secure thestrip of adhesion platform to the roof surface and/or on the bottomsurface of the solar panel. As can also be appreciated, the connectionarrangement that is used to secure the one or more strips of adhesionplatform to the roof surface and/or on the bottom surface of the solarpanel can be 1) partially or fully pre-applied to the strip of adhesionplatform, and/or 2) partially or fully pre-applied to roof surfaceand/or on the bottom surface of the solar panel; however, this is notrequired. As can also be appreciated, the connection arrangement that isused to secure to the one or more strips of adhesion platform to the oneor more strips of connection arrangement can be 1) partially or fullypre-applied to the strip of adhesion platform, and/or 2) partially orfully pre-applied to the one or more strips of connection arrangement;however, this is not required. As can also be appreciated, the adhesionplatform can be a modified portion of the bottom surface of a solarpanel and/or a top surface of a roofing material that was formed duringthe manufacturing process of the solar panel and/or roofing material. Assuch, the adhesion platform in such instances may not necessarily be astrip of material on the solar panel and/or roofing material, but mayinstead be a specially prepared or modified region of the solar paneland/or roofing material that is designed to be connected to a) one ormore strips of connection arrangement, b) another adhesion platform, c)directly to a solar panel, or d) directly to a roofing and/or sidingsystem. The strip of adhesion platform is not limited in shape, size,and/or thickness. In one non-limiting configuration, the thickness ofthe strip of adhesion platform is generally uniform; however, this isnot required. In one non-limiting design, the thickness of the strip ofadhesion platform is at least about 0.00005 inches, generally at leastabout 0.0001 inches, typically about 0.0001-3 inches, more typicallyabout 0.0005-1 inches, and still more typically about 0.001-0.5 inches.The width of the strip of adhesion platform is non-limiting. The widthof the strip of adhesion platform may be constant or may vary along thelongitudinal length of the strip of adhesion platform. In onenon-limiting design, width of the strip of adhesion platform isgenerally up to about ±20 inches the width of the strip of connectionarrangement that is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform,generally up to about ±10 inches the width of the strip of connectionarrangement that is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform,typically up to about ±5 inches the width of the strip of connectionarrangement that is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform, andmore typically up to about ±1 inches the width of the strip ofconnection arrangement that is be connected to the strip of adhesionplatform. As can be appreciated, the width of the strip of adhesionplatform can be the same as the width of the strip of connectionarrangement that is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform. Inanother non-limiting design, width of the strip of adhesion platform isgenerally up to about ±20 inches the width of the bottom surface of thesolar panel is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform, generallyup to about ±10 inches the width of the bottom surface of the solarpanel that is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform, typicallyup to about ±5 inches the width of the bottom surface of the solar panelthat is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform, and moretypically up to about ±1 inches the width of the bottom surface of thesolar panel that is be connected to the strip of adhesion platform. Ascan be appreciated, the width of the strip of adhesion platform can bethe same as the width of the bottom surface of the solar panel that isbe connected to the strip of adhesion platform. The strip of adhesionplatform can be pre-applied to the roof surface and/or on the bottomsurface of the flexible thin film solar panel and/or framed solar panel,or be applied on-site. When a strip of adhesion platform is to beapplied to a pre-existing roofing system, the surface of the roofingsystem can be prepared (e.g., clean roof surface, remove granules fromroof surface, etc.) prior to securing the strip of adhesion platform tothe roof surface; however, this is not required. When new roofingmaterial is to be applied to a new or pre-existing roof system, the newroofing material may or may not include a pre-existing strip of adhesionplatform.

In still yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, a roofing material that can be used to secure aflexible and/or non-flexible solar panel to the top surface of theroofing material and/or siding material can be at least partially formedfrom a bitumen, modified bitumen, asphalt and/or coal-tar material thatincludes composite fabric that is at least partially impregnated with abituminous, asphalt and/or coal-tar composition. As can also beappreciated, the roofing system and/or siding system can be a metalroofing and/or siding system. One or more adhesion platforms can beformed on and/or are connected to the top surface of the roofingmaterial and/or siding material; however, this is not required. In onenon-limiting configuration, the composite fabric includes one or morelayers of woven or non-woven material connected to one or more layers oflow shrinkage warp strands and/or one or more layers of low shrinkageweft strands. The composite fabric layers can be stitched together,knitted together, at least partially melted together or otherwise boundtogether to maintain the integrity of the composite fabric; however,this is not required. The composite fabric layers can be coated with aresin or sizing to prevent slippage between the several layers of thefabric and impart a measure of stiffness to the fabric; however, this isnot required. Non-limiting examples of bitumen, modified bitumen,asphalt and/or coal-tar roofing materials that can be used are disclosedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,474,838; 5,540,971; 5,695,373; 6,296,921, which areincorporated herein by reference.

In another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, a roofing and/or siding material that is to be installed on aroof and/or siding of a building can be pre-manufactured to include 1) aprepared surface that is designed to receive a connection arrangement(e.g, strip of adhesion platform, strip of connection arrangement,etc.), 2) a prepared surface that includes a removable cover or film,which prepared surface is designed to receive a connection arrangement(e.g, strip of adhesion platform, strip of connection arrangement,etc.), 3) a pre-applied strip of connection arrangement (e.g., adhesivestrip, etc.), 4) a pre-applied strip of adhesion platform, or 5) apre-applied strip of adhesion platform, which adhesion platform includesa pre-applied strip of connection arrangement (e.g., adhesive strip,etc.) that has been applied to the adhesion platform. Thepre-manufactured roofing material can be rolled-up into a roll ofroofing and/or siding material for easy transport to the location ofinstallation; however, this is not required. The manufacturing processfor making the roofing and/or siding material is non-limiting. In onenon-limiting manufacturing process, the one or more strips of adhesionplatform, strip of connection arrangement are applied to the top surfaceof the roofing and/or siding material by 1) applying the one or morestrips to the warm or hot surface of the roofing and/or siding materialto form a heat bond between the one or more strips and the top surfaceof the roofing and/or siding material, 2) applying the one or morestrips to the surface of the roofing and/or siding material, whichbottom surface of the one or more strips includes an adhesive or othertype of bonding agent, to form a bond between the one or more strips andthe top surface of the roofing and/or siding material, 3) applying theone or more strips to the surface of the roofing and/or siding material,which top surface of the roofing and/or siding material includes anadhesive or other type of bonding agent, to form a bond between the oneor more strips and the top surface of the roofing and/or sidingmaterial, 4) applying the one or more strips to the surface of theroofing and/or siding material, which bottom surface of the one or morestrips includes an adhesive or other type of bonding agent and the topsurface of the roofing and/or siding material includes an adhesive orother type of bonding agent, to form a bond between the one or morestrips and the top surface of the roofing and/or siding material, 5)mechanically connecting one or more strips to the top surface of theroofing and/or siding material by use of one or more mechanicalconnection arrangements (e.g., nails, screws, rivets, staples,stitching, clips, snaps, clamps, etc.), and/or 6) connecting one or morestrips to the top surface of the roofing and/or siding material by useof a melted bond, welded bond, or solder bond to form a connectionbetween the one or more strips and the top surface of the and/or sidingroofing material. When granules or some other type of texture is to beapplied to the top of the roofing and/or siding material, the one ormore strips of adhesion platform, strips of connection arrangement canbe applied before, during or after such granules or some other type oftexture is to be applied to the top of the roofing and/or sidingmaterial. In one non-limiting manufacturing process, the one or morestrips of adhesion platform, strips of connection arrangement areapplied to the roofing and/or siding material before granules or someother type of texture is applied to the top of the roofing and/or sidingmaterial. In such a manufacturing process, a removable protective filmor cover can be applied to one or more portions of the top surface ofthe roofing and/or siding material to protect the covered surfaceportion prior to one or more strips of adhesion platform, stripsconnection arrangement being secured to the covered portion; however,this is not required. As such, the removable protective film or covercan be used to keep the covered portion of the roofing and/or sidingmaterials clean from dirt and/or other material that could interferewith the securing of one or more strips of adhesion platform, strips ofconnection arrangement being secured to the covered portion. Inaddition, the removable protective film or cover can be used to keep thecovered portion of the roofing and/or siding materials clean fromgranules and/or other types of texture material that is applied to thetop surface of the roofing and/or siding material. After such granulesand/or other types of texture material are applied to the top surface ofthe roofing and/or siding material, when such granules and/or othertypes of texture material are used, the removable protective film orcover can then be removed from the top surface of the roofing and/orsiding material so that one or more strips of adhesion platform, stripsconnection arrangement can be properly secured to the covered portion.The removal of the protective film or cover and the subsequentconnection of the one or more strips of adhesion platform, strips ofconnection arrangement can occur at the manufacturing site of theroofing material, or can occur at a location remote from themanufacturing site (e.g., on-site at the location of the roofing systemof a building, etc.), and prior to and/or after the roofing and/orsiding material is applied to a building or other type of structure. Inany of the non-limiting manufacturing processes described above, heatand/or pressure (e.g, pressure rollers, etc.) can be used to facilitatein forming a bond between the one or more strips and the roofing and/orsiding material.

In still another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, a) one or more strips of adhesion platform, b) one ormore strips of connection arrangement, and/or c) one or more solarpanels are secured to the top surface of a roofing and/or sidingmaterial. In one non-limiting manufacturing process for a roofing and/orsiding material, there is provided a reinforcement material is at leastpartially coated with and/or at least partially impregnated withbitumen, modified bitumen, asphalt and/or coal-tar by passing thereinforcement material through a coating, rolling and/or pressingprocess. As can be appreciated, other processes can be used to coat thereinforcement material with the bitumen, modified bitumen, asphaltand/or coal-tar composition. As can also be appreciated, more than onecoatings of bitumen, modified bitumen, asphalt and/or coal-tarcomposition can be applied to the reinforcement material. After thereinforcement material is passed through the coating, rolling and/orpressing process, then a) one or more strips of adhesion platform, b)one or more strips of connection arrangement, and/or c) one or moresolar panels can be applied to one or more portions of the roofingand/or siding material to cause the a) one or more strips of adhesionplatform, b) one or more strips of connection arrangement, and/or c) oneor more solar panels to be at least partially laminated to one or moreportions of the top surface of the roofing and/or siding material. Ascan be appreciated, additional amounts of bitumen, modified bitumen,asphalt and/or coal-tar material and/or an adhesive material can beapplied to one or more portions of the top surface of the roofing and/orsiding material prior to and/or after applying the a) one or more stripsof adhesion platform, b) one or more strips of connection arrangement,and/or c) one or more solar panels to the top surface of a roofingand/or siding material; however, this is not required. After the a) oneor more strips of adhesion platform, b) one or more strips of connectionarrangement, and/or c) one or more solar panels are applied to the topsurface of a roofing material, the roofing and/or siding material can beheated and/or moved over and/or between one or more drums and/or rollersto facilitate in securing the a) one or more strips of adhesionplatform, b) one or more strips of connection arrangement, and/or c) oneor more solar panels to the top surface of a roofing and/or sidingmaterial; however, this is not required. Typically the a) one or morestrips of adhesion platform, b) one or more strips of connectionarrangement, and/or c) one or more solar panels are applied to one ormore portions of the top surface of the roofing and/or siding materialprior to the cooling and/or curing of the bitumen, modified bitumen,asphalt and/or coal-tar composition so as to enable the bottom surfaceof the a) one or more strips of adhesion platform, b) one or more stripsof connection arrangement, and/or c) one or more solar panels to besecured to the top surface of the roofing and/or siding material;however, this is not required. Once the roofing and/or siding materialpasses from the one or more drums and/or between the one or more sets ofpress rollers, when such rollers and/or drums are used, the roofingand/or siding material can be guided to a cooling section; however, thisis not required.

In yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, there is provided a pre-manufactured roofing and/or sidingmaterial that includes a top surface of a highly reflective material,which highly reflective material has a resulting or effectivereflectivity of at least about 55%, typically at least about 60%, moretypically at least about 65%, and even more typically about 70-99.9%.One non-limiting roofing and/or siding material that includes suchhighly reflective material is disclosed in United States PatentPublication No. 2009-0064628, which is fully incorporated herein. Thetop surface of such roofing and/or siding material can include a) one ormore strips of adhesion platform, b) one or more strips of connectionarrangement, and/or c) one or more solar panels that are secured to thetop surface of the roofing material. The a) one or more strips ofadhesion platform, b) one or more strips of connection arrangement,and/or c) one or more solar panels can be partially or fully appliedduring the manufacturing of the roofing and/or siding material, and/orcan be partially or fully applied prior to, during and/or after theinstallation of the roofing and/or siding material on a roof system.

In still yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, a solar panel that is to be installed on a roofand/or siding of a building can be pre-manufactured to include 1) aprepared surface that is designed to receive a connection arrangement(e.g, strip of adhesion platform, adhesive strip, etc), 2) a preparedsurface that includes a removable cover or film, which prepared surfaceis designed to receive a connection arrangement (e.g, strip of adhesionplatform, adhesive strip, etc.), 3) a pre-applied strip connectionarrangement (e.g., adhesive strip, etc.), 4) a pre-applied strip ofadhesion platform, or 5) a pre-applied strip of strip of adhesionplatform, which adhesion platform includes a pre-applied strip ofconnection arrangement (e.g., adhesive strip, etc.). Thepre-manufactured solar panel can be a flexible solar panel that isrolled-up into a roll for easy transport to the location ofinstallation; however, this is not required. The manufacturing processfor making a modified solar panel is non-limiting. In one non-limitingmanufacturing process, the one or more strips of adhesion platformand/or one or more strips of connection arrangement are applied to thebottom surface of the solar panel by 1) applying the one or more stripsto the or hot bottom surface of the solar panel to form a heat bondbetween the one or more strips and the bottom surface of the solarpanel, 2) applying the one or more strips to the bottom surface of thesolar panel, which bottom surface of the one or more strips includes anadhesive or other type of bonding agent, to form a bond between the oneor more strips and the bottom surface of the solar panel, 3) applyingthe one or more strips to the bottom surface of the solar panel, whichbottom surface of the solar panel includes an adhesive or other type ofbonding agent, to form a bond between the one or more strips and thebottom surface of the solar panel, 4) applying the one or more strips tothe bottom of the solar panel, which bottom surface of the one or morestrips includes an adhesive or other type of bonding agent and thebottom surface of the solar panel includes an adhesive or other type ofbonding agent, to form a bond between the one or more strips and thebottom surface of the solar panel, 5) mechanically connecting one ormore strips to the bottom of the solar panel by use of one or moremechanical connection arrangements (e.g., nails, screws, rivets,staples, stitching, clips, snaps, clamps, etc.), and/or 6) connectingone or more strips to the top surface of the roofing and/or sidingmaterial by use of a melted bond, welded bond, or solder bond to form aconnection between the one or more strips and the bottom surface of thesolar panel. In one non-limiting manufacturing process, a removableprotective film or cover can be applied to one or more portions of thebottom surface of the solar panel so as to protect such region of thesolar panel until one or more strips of adhesion platform, and/or stripsof connection arrangement are to be applied to the bottom surface of thesolar panel; however, this is not required. The removal or the film orcover and subsequent connection of the one or more strips of adhesionplatform, and/or one or more strips of connection arrangement can occurat the manufacturing site of the solar panel, or can occur at a locationremote from the manufacturing site (e.g., on-site at the location of theroofing system of a building, etc.). In any of the non-limitingmanufacturing processes described above, heat and/or pressure (e.g,pressure rollers, etc.) can be used to facilitate in forming a bondbetween the one or more strips and the solar panel.

In another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the presentinvention, there is provided a pre-manufactured flexible solar panelwherein one or more photovoltaic cells are secured to the top surface ofa highly reflective material, which highly reflective material has a hasa resulting or effective reflectivity of at least about 55%, typicallyat least about 60%, more typically at least about 65%, and even moretypically about 70-99.9%. The highly reflective material is generally alight colored material such as, but not limited to, a white coloredmaterial. The highly reflective material can include polyvinylidenefluoride; however, this is not required.

In still another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, there is provided a method for installing solarpanels on a preexisting roof and/or siding system. Many different methodsteps can be used in accordance with the present invention. In onenon-limiting method, a new roofing and/or siding material is placed overa preexisting roofing and/or siding material. The new roofing and/orsiding material can be a manufactured roofing and/or siding materialdesigned for use with a solar panel as discussed above. In anothernon-limiting method, the pre-existing roofing and/or siding material isused when the solar panels are secured to the roof and/or siding system.When the pre-existing roofing material is used, the following methodsteps can be used, namely 1) prepare the top surface of pre-existingroofing and/or siding material to secure one or more strips of adhesionplatform, strips of connection material (e.g., adhesive strip, etc.),and/or some other type of connection arrangement (e.g., adhesive,bitumen coating, polyurethane, etc.) to the top surface of thepre-existing roofing and/or siding material, 2) optionally secure one ormore strips of adhesion platform, and/or one or more strips connectionarrangement to the prepared top surface of the pre-existing roofingand/or siding material, or coat an adhesive, bitumen coating,polyurethane, etc. on the prepared top surface of the pre-existingroofing and/or siding material, and 3) secure one or more solar panelsto directly to the prepared surface, or to the one or more strips ofadhesion platform, and/or one or more strips of connection arrangementthat is connected to the top surface of the pre-existing roofing and/orsiding material. The step of preparing the top surface of pre-existingroofing and/or siding material can include one or more steps, namely i)cleaning the top surface of the pre-existing roofing and/or sidingmaterial of debris, grime, dirt, and/or loose material, ii) removinggranules from a portion of a granulated pre-existing roofing and/orsiding material, iii) repairing damaged portions of the pre-existingroofing and/or siding material, and/or iv) applying a foundation layer(e.g., bitumen coating, coal tar coating, polymer coating, etc.) to atleast a portion of the top surface of the pre-existing roofing and/orsiding material. The steps 2 and 3 of the method can occur at the sameor different time periods. In one non-limiting method, step 2 occursprior to step 3. When steps 2 and 3 occur at the same time, the bottomsurface of the solar panels can already include one or more strips ofadhesion platform, and/or on or more strips connection arrangement thatare secured to the bottom surface of the solar panel. As such, thebottom side of the pre-attached strip(s) of adhesion platform, and/orstrip(s) of connection arrangement can be secured to the top surface ofthe pre-existing roofing and/or siding material at the same time thesolar panel is laid on the top surface of the pre-existing roofingmaterial. The solar panels that are secured to the pre-existing roofingmaterial for steps 2 or 3 can be special pre-manufactured solar panelsas discussed above; however, this is not required.

In still yet another and/or alternative non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, there is provided an evaluation method fordetermining how to secure one or more solar panels to a roofing system.In one non-limiting method, the first step of the evaluation method isto determine the type of roofing system to be installed on a building orthat exists on the building. If there is a pre-existing roof system,then it needs to be determined whether a solar panel system can beinstalled on the pre-existing roof system with or without modificationto the pre-existing roof system or whether a new roofing material needsto be installed on the roof of the building. The roofing system mustalso be evaluated to determine whether it is a sloped or non-slopedroofing system. After the roof of the building is evaluated, the nextstep is to determine the type of solar panel that can be installed onthe roof system. The strength of the roof of the building and theweather conditions (e.g., seasonal wind conditions, seasonal temperaturechanges, etc.) that the solar panels will be exposed to will be factorsin the type of solar panel selected. Once the type of solar panel isselected, then the next step is to determine the connection arrangementto be used to connect the solar panels to the roof system. One factorthat needs to be considered is whether the connection arrangement willbe a releasable or non-releasable connection arrangement. Another factorthat needs to be considered is whether an adhesion platform for theroofing system and/or the solar panel will be required. Still anotherfactor is the type of connector to be used (e.g., size, shape,configuration of the connectors, etc.). Another factor to be consideredis the connector strip pattern that is to be used on the top of the roofsystem and/or on the bottom of the solar panels.

One non-limiting object of the present invention is to provide animproved connection arrangement between a roofing and/or siding systemand a solar panel.

In another and/or alternative non-limiting object of the presentinvention is to provide a connection arrangement that forms areleaseable or non-releasable connection between a solar panel and aroofing and/or siding system.

In yet another and/or alternative non-limiting object of the presentinvention is to provide a connection arrangement includes the use ofadhesive tape to non-releaseably secure a solar panel to a roofingsystem.

In another and/or alternative non-limiting object of the presentinvention is to provide a connection arrangement includes the use of anadhesion platform to improve the connection of a solar panel to aroofing and/or siding system.

In still another and/or alternative object of the present invention, thepartial or complete bottom surface of the solar panel can include one ormore strips of connection material.

In yet another and/or alternative object of the present invention is toconnected solar panels to a roof and/or siding of a building or othertype of structure.

In still yet another and/or alternative object of the present inventionis to connected solar panels to a roof and/or siding of a building orother type of structure without having to reinforce the roof and/orsiding of a building or other type of structure.

In still another and/or alternative object of the present inventionpertains to the manufacturing of solar panels and/or roofing and/orsiding material that includes a connection arrangement and/or adhesionplatform that can be used to connected solar panels to a roof and/orsiding of a building or other type of structure.

In yet another and/or alternative object of the present inventionpertains to modifying a pre-existing roof and/or siding system so thatsolar panels can be connected the roof and/or siding of a building orother type of structure.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from thefollowing description taken together with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference may now be made to the drawings, which illustrate severalnon-limiting embodiments that the invention may take in physical formand in certain parts and arrangements of parts wherein;

FIG. 1 illustrates a flexible solar panel that is non-releasablyconnected to a roof and/or siding system by use of strips of connectionmaterial;

FIG. 2 illustrates a non-flexible solar panel that is non-releasablyconnected to a roof and/or siding system by use of strips of connectionmaterial;

FIG. 3 illustrates a non-flexible solar panel that includes strips ofconnection material connected to the bottom surface of the non-flexiblesolar panel and connection material that is connected to a top surfaceof a roof and/or siding system;

FIG. 4 illustrates a flexible solar panel that includes strips ofconnection material connected to the bottom surface of the flexiblesolar panel and connection material that is connected to a top surfaceof a roof and/or siding system;

FIG. 5 illustrates an adhesive/bonding material that is used to connecta strip of connection material to a top surface of a roof and/or sidingsystem and/or to a bottom surface of a solar panel;

FIG. 6 illustrates a solar panel that is non-releasably connected to aroof and/or siding system by use of strips of connection materialwherein the solar panel includes strips of connection material connectedto the bottom surface of the solar panel by an adhesive/bonding materialand the top surface of a roof and/or siding system includes strips ofconnection material connected to the roof and/or siding system by anadhesive/bonding material and the strips are connected together by a anadhesive/bonding material;

FIG. 7 illustrates an adhesive material that is used to connect a stripof foundation strip or adhesion platform to a top surface of a roofand/or siding system;

FIG. 8 illustrates a solar panel that is non-releasably connected to aroof and/or siding system by use of strips of connection materialwherein the solar panel includes strips of foundation strip or adhesionplatform connected to the bottom surface of the solar panel by anadhesive/bonding material and the top surface of a roof and/or sidingsystem includes strips of foundation strip or adhesion platformconnected to the roof and/or siding system by an adhesive/bondingmaterial, and the top surface of the strips of foundation strip oradhesion platform includes strips of connection material;

FIG. 9 illustrates a solar panel that is releasably connected to a roofand/or siding system by use of three sets of strips of connectionmaterial wherein the solar panel includes three sets of strips ofconnection material connected to the bottom surface of the solar paneland the top surface of a roof and/or siding system includes three setsof strips of connection material connected to the roof system;

FIG. 10 illustrates a solar panel that is releasably connected to a roofand/or siding system by use of four sets of strips of connectionmaterial wherein the solar panel includes four sets of strips ofconnection material connected to the bottom surface of the solar paneland the top surface of a roof and/or siding system includes four sets ofstrips of connection material connected to the roof system;

FIG. 11 illustrates a method of preparing a pre-existing roofing and/orsiding surface by scrapping granules from a portion of the top surfaceof the roof and/or siding system prior to connecting strips ofconnection material and/or strips of foundation strip or adhesionplatform to the scrapped region of the roof and/or siding system;

FIG. 12 illustrates pre-manufactured roofing and/or siding material thatincludes a removable strip that is used to expose a non-granulatedregion of the roofing and/or siding material so that strips ofconnection material and/or strips of foundation strip or adhesionplatform can be connected to the non-granulated region of the roofingand/or siding material;

FIG. 13 illustrates a roofing and/or siding material that includes anon-granulated region and wherein a strip of connection material isconnected to the non-granulated region of the roofing and/or sidingmaterial;

FIG. 14 illustrates a roofing and/or siding material that includes anon-granulated region and wherein a strip of foundation material isconnected to the non-granulated region of the roofing and/or sidingmaterial and wherein the top surface of the strip of foundation materialincludes a strip of connection material;

FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate an adhesive/bonding material that is used toconnect a strip of connection material to a top surface of a granulatedroof and/or siding system;

FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate an adhesive/bonding material that is used toconnect a strip of foundation material or adhesion platform to a topsurface of a granulated roof and/or siding system, and wherein the topsurface of the strip of foundation material or adhesion platformincludes a strip of connection material;

FIG. 19 illustrates a double sided adhesive material that is used toconnect a flexible solar panel to a top surface of a roof system;

FIG. 20 illustrates a double sided adhesive material that includesremovable film on each side of the double sided adhesive material;

FIG. 21 illustrates an end strip that is connected to an end of a solarpanel and to the top surface of a roof system that includes a strip ofconnection material; and,

FIG. 22 is a cross-section view along line 22-22 of FIG. 21; and,

FIGS. 23-25 illustrate several non-limiting methods for connecting asolar panel to a roofing material or for forming a certain type ofroofing material.

DESCRIPTION OF NON-LIMITING EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for the purposeof illustrating non-limiting embodiments of the invention only and notfor the purpose of limiting same, FIG. 1 illustrates a flexible solarpanel 20 that is non-releasably connected to a top surface 40 of a roofsystem R. As can be appreciated, solar panel 20 can be non-releasablyconnected to surfaces other than a top surface of a roof system (e.g.,siding of a building, floor, top or side of a structure other than abuilding, etc.). The scope of the present invention encompasses allsurfaces in which a solar panel is connectable to such surface. The roofsystem R can be a sloped and/or non-sloped roof system. The materialsused to form the roof system are non-limiting for purposes of thisinvention. For purposes of describing the following non-limitingembodiments of the invention, the solar panel will be described as beingconnected to a roof system R.

Referring again to FIG. 1, solar panel 20 is a flexible solar panel. Allsolar panels can be classified as either flexible or non-flexible solarpanels. The terms flexible and non-flexible solar panel have beenpreviously defined above for purposes of this invention. The type offlexible solar panel that can be used in the present invention isnon-limiting. Furthermore, the size, shape, thickness, etc. of theflexible solar panel that can be used in the present invention is alsonon-limiting. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the flexible solar panel 20 hasa generally rectangular shape and has two longitudinal side edges 22, 24and two end edges 26, 28. The longitudinal edges are illustrated asbeing longer than the end edges. The flexible solar panel also has a topsurface 30 and a bottom surface 32. The top surface of the flexiblesolar panel typically includes one or more photovoltaic cells. Theconfiguration, composition, size, shape, etc. of the one or morephotovoltaic cells is non-limiting. The one or more photovoltaic cellsare generally connected together by various means. The manufacture andconfiguration of flexible solar panels that can be used in the presentinvention will not be further described since such details regarding themanufacture, configuration, composition, size, shape, etc. of flexiblesolar panels are included in the patents, patent publication, patentapplications and articles that are incorporated herein by reference.

Two strips of connection material 50, 52 are illustrated as beingconnected to the bottom surface 32 of the flexible solar panel and at oradjacent to the two longitudinal side edges 22, 24 of the flexible solarpanel. Also, two strips of connection material 60, 62 are illustrated asbeing connected to the top surface 40 of roof system R. The strips ofconnection material 50, 52 can be connected to the bottom surface 32 ofthe flexible solar panel in a variety of ways (e.g., adhesive, hot melt,bitumen coatings, polyurethane coatings, stitching, rivets, staples,etc.). Likewise, the strips of connection material 60, 62 can beconnected to the top surface 40 of the roof system in a variety of ways(e.g., adhesive, hot melt, bitumen coatings, polyurethane coatings,stitching, rivets, staples, tacks, nails, screws, etc.). The manner inwhich the connection material is connected to the flexible solar paneland/or roof system is non-limiting. In one non-limiting arrangement, anadhesive is used to secure strips 50, 52 to the solar panel. In anotherand/or alternative non-limiting arrangement, an adhesive is used tosecure strips 60, 62 to the roof system R. The strips of connectionmaterial 50, 52 are illustrated as being generally aligned with the twolongitudinal side edges 22, 24 of the flexible solar panel along thelongitudinal length of the flexible solar panel; however, it can beappreciated that a portion of one or both of strips of connectionmaterial 50, 52 can extend outwardly from (i.e., overlap) one or bothlongitudinal side edges 22, 24 of the flexible solar panel along one ormore portions of the longitudinal length of the flexible solar panel,and/or a portion of one or both of strips of connection material 50, 52can be spaced inwardly from one or both longitudinal side edges 22, 24of the flexible solar panel along one or more portions of thelongitudinal length of the flexible solar panel. When one or both ofstrips of connection material 50, 52 are spaced inwardly from one orboth longitudinal side edges 22, 24 of the flexible solar panel alongone or more portions of the longitudinal length of the flexible solarpanel, the spacing distance is generally less than 6 inches, andgenerally about 0.25-4 inches; however, other spacing distances can beused. As also illustrated in FIG. 1, the strips of connection material50, 52 are illustrated as continuous strips; however, it can beappreciated that one or both strips may not be continuous along thelongitudinal length of the flexible solar panel. As also illustrated inFIG. 1, the strips of connection material 50, 52 are illustrated asterminating at the two end edges 26, 28 of the solar panel; however, itcan be appreciated that one or both strips can terminate at some spaceddistance inwardly from two end edges 26, 28 of the solar panel, or canextend beyond one or both edges. When one or both of strips ofconnection material 50, 52 are spaced inwardly from one or both endedges 26, 28 of the flexible solar panel, the spacing distance isgenerally less than 6 inches, and generally about 0.25-4 inches;however, other spacing distances can be used.

Strips of connection material 50, 52 are illustrated has having arectangular shape and having a generally constant thickness along thelongitudinal length of the strip; however, it can be appreciated thatone or both strips can have a non-rectangular shape and/or anon-constant thickness along the longitudinal length of one or bothstrips. The width of strips of connection material 50, 52 areillustrated as being the same; however, this is not required. The widthof strips of connection material 50, 52 are also illustrated as beingless than the width of the flexible solar panel. Generally, the ratio ofthe width of at least one strip of connection material to the width ofthe flexible solar panel along one or more portions of the longitudinallength of the strip of connection material and solar panel is about0.005-1.5:1, typically about 0.01-1.2:1, and more typically about0.02-1:1. As is evident from these width ratios, the width of the stripof connection material can be equal to or greater than the width of theflexible solar panel. In such a configuration, the bottom surface of theflexible solar panel typically includes only a single strip ofconnection material. When two or more strips of connection material areconnected to the bottom surface of the flexible solar panel, one or moreof the strips of connection material generally have a width ratio to theflexible solar panel of about 0.005-0.5:1, typically about 0.01-0.4:1,more typically about 0.02-0.3:1, and even more typically about0.05-0.25:1.

As illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, more than two strips of connectionmaterial can be used to secure the flexible solar panel 20 to the top 40of roof system R. FIG. 9 illustrates three strips of connection material50, 52, 53 that are connected to the bottom surface 32 of flexible solarpanel 20. FIG. 10 illustrates four strips of connection material 50, 52,53, 55 that are connected to the bottom surface 32 of flexible solarpanel 20. As can be appreciated, more than four strips of connectionmaterial can be connected to the bottom surface 32 of flexible solarpanel 20. In both FIGS. 9 and 10, the strips of connection material thatare connected to the bottom surface 32 of flexible solar panel 20 arespaced at equal distances apart; however, this is not required. FIG. 9illustrates that strip of connection material 53 is positioned along thecenter of the bottom surface of the flexible panel. FIG. 10 illustratesthat strips of connection material 53, 55 are spaced at equal distancesfrom the center of the bottom surface of the flexible panel. As can beappreciated, many other orientations of the three, four or more stripsystem can be used. The width and thickness of the strips in FIGS. 9 and10 are generally the same. The longitudinal lengths of the strips isalso generally the same. Although not illustrated, strips of connectionmaterial 50, 52 in FIG. 9 can have a greater or smaller width than thewidth of strip of connection material 53. Likewise, strips of connectionmaterial 50, 52 in FIG. 10 can have a greater or smaller width than thewidth of strips of connection material 53, 55. Furthermore, one or moreof the strips in FIGS. 9 and 10 can have a different longitudinal lengthfrom one or more of the others strips on the solar panel.

Referring now to FIG. 2, solar panel 100 is a non-flexible solar panel.The term non-flexible solar panel has been previously defined above forpurposes of this invention. The type of non-flexible solar panel thatcan be used in the present invention is non-limiting. Furthermore, thesize, shape, thickness, etc. of the non-flexible solar panel that can beused in the present invention is also non-limiting. As illustrated inFIG. 2, the non-flexible solar panel 100 includes a generally rigidplate 110 and a frame 120 that is connected to the peripheral edge 114of rigid plate 110. The generally rigid plate 110 and the frame 120 havea generally rectangular shape; however, this is not required. As can beappreciated, some non-flexible solar panels may not include a frame. Forpurposes of describing one non-limiting embodiment of the invention, thenon-flexible solar panel will be described as including a frame. As willbe described in more detail below, one or more strips of connectionmaterial are designed to be connected to a bottom surface of the frameso that the non-flexible solar panel can be connected to a roof system.However, it will be appreciated that for non-flexible solar panels thatdo not include a frame or do not include a frame about the completeperipheral edge of the rigid plate, the one or more strips of connectionmaterial can be connected to the bottom surface of the rigid plate. Therigid plate 110 has a top surface 112 that typically includes one ormore photovoltaic cells. The configuration, composition, size, shape,etc. of the one or more photovoltaic cells is non-limiting. The one ormore photovoltaic cells are generally connected together by variousmeans. The manufacture and configuration of rigid plate 110 that can beused in the present invention will not be further described since suchdetails regarding the manufacture, configuration, composition, size,shape, etc. of rigid plate 110 are included in the patents, patentpublication, patent applications and articles that are incorporatedherein by reference. Frame 120 of non-flexible solar panel 100 has twolongitudinal side edges 122, 124, two end edges 126, 128, and a bottomsurface 134. The longitudinal edges are illustrated as being longer thanthe end edges.

Two strips of connection material 140, 142 are illustrated as beingconnected to the bottom surface 134 of frame 120 of non-flexible solarpanel 100 and at or adjacent to the two longitudinal side edges 122, 124of the frame. Also, two strips of connection material 150, 152 areillustrated as being connected to the top surface 40 of roof system R.The strips of connection material 140, 142 can be connected to thebottom surface 134 of the frame 120 in a variety of ways (e.g.,adhesive, hot melt, bitumen coatings, polyurethane coatings, stitching,rivets, staples, etc.). Likewise, the strips of connection material 150,152 can be connected to the top surface 40 of the roof system in avariety of ways (e.g., adhesive, hot melt, bitumen coatings,polyurethane coatings, stitching, rivets, staples, tacks, nails, screws,etc.). The manner in which the connection material is connected to theframe of the non-flexible solar panel and/or roof system isnon-limiting. Generally, the type of means used to connect theconnection material to the frame of the non-flexible solar panel and/orroof system is selected so that the connection material stays connectedto the frame of the non-flexible solar panel and/or roof system. Thestrips of connection material 140, 142 are illustrated as beinggenerally aligned with the two longitudinal side edges 122, 124 of theframe of the non-flexible solar panel along the longitudinal length ofthe frame; however, it can be appreciated that a portion of one or bothof strips of connection material 140, 142 can extend outwardly (i.e.,overlap) from one or both longitudinal side edges 122, 124 of the framealong one or more portions of the longitudinal length of the frame,and/or a portion of one or both of strips of connection material 140,142 can be spaced inwardly from one or both longitudinal side edges 122,124 of the frame along one or more portions of the longitudinal lengthof the frame. When one or both of strips of connection material 140, 142are spaced inwardly from one or both longitudinal side edges 122, 124 ofthe frame along one or more portions of the longitudinal length of theframe, the spacing distance is generally less than 6 inches, andgenerally about 0.25-4 inches; however, other spacing distances can beused. As also illustrated in FIG. 2, the strips of connection material140, 142 are illustrated as continuous strips; however, it can beappreciated that one or both strips may not be continuous along thelongitudinal length of frame 120. As also illustrated in FIG. 2, thestrips of connection material 140, 142 are illustrated as terminating atthe two end edges 126, 128 of frame 120; however, it can be appreciatedthat one or both strips can terminate at some spaced distance from twoend edges 126, 128 of the frame, or extend beyond one or more of the endedges. When one or both of strips of connection material 140, 142 arespaced inwardly from one or both end edges 126, 128 of the frame, thespacing distance is generally less than 6 inches, and generally about0.25-4 inches; however, other spacing distances can be used.

Strips of connection material 140, 142 are illustrated has having arectangular shape and a generally constant thickness along thelongitudinal length of the strip; however, it can be appreciated thatone or both strips can have a non-rectangular shape and/or anon-constant thickness along the longitudinal length of one or bothstrips. The width of strips of connection material 140, 142 areillustrated as being the same; however, this is not required. The widthof strips of connection material 140, 142 are also illustrated as beingabout the same width as the frame; however, this is not required.Generally, the ratio of the width of at least one strip of connectionmaterial to the width of the frame of the non-flexible solar panel alongone or more portions of the longitudinal length of the strip ofconnection material and frame is about 0.05-1.5:1, typically about0.1-1.2:1, and more typically about 0.2-1:1. As is evident from thesewidth ratios, the width of the strip of connection material can be equalto or greater than the width of the frame.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated a non-flexible solar panel100 that is in the process of being secured to the top surface 40 of aroof system R. Strips 150, 152 are connected to the top surface of theroof system so that the strips will at least partially align with strips140, 142 on the non-flexible solar panel. As illustrated by the arrows,the non-flexible solar panel is oriented and laid on the roof systemsuch that the top surface 144 of strip 140 contacts the top surface 154of strip 150, and the top surface 146 of strip 142 contacts the topsurface 156 of strip 152. This arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 2. Asillustrated in FIG. 2, the strips 150, 152 are exactly aligned withstrips 140, 142 when the non-flexible solar panel is connected to theroof system; however, it can be appreciated that the strips do not haveto be exactly aligned with one another.

Referring now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a flexible solar panel 20that is in the process of being secured to the top surface 40 of a roofsystem R. Strips 60, 62 are connected to the top surface of the roofsystem so that the strips will at least partially align with strips 50,52 on the flexible solar panel. As illustrated by the arrows, theflexible solar panel is oriented and laid on the roof system such thatthe top surface 54 of strip 50 contacts the top surface 64 of strip 60,and the top surface 56 of strip 52 contacts the top surface 66 of strip62. This arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 1. As illustrated in FIG. 1,the strips 50, 52 are exactly aligned with strips 60, 62 when theflexible solar panel is connected to the roof system; however, it can beappreciated that the strips do not have to be exactly aligned with oneanother. As also illustrated in FIG. 4, the flexible solar panel 20includes two end strips 70, 72 of connection material. Strips 70 and 72are illustrated as running along substantially the full width of theflexible solar panel; however, this is not required. Strips 70 and 72are illustrated as being positioned on or closely adjacent to edges 26,28 of the flexible solar panel; however, this is not required. Strips70, 72 are illustrated as being single strips of connection material;however, this is not required. Strips 70, 72 are illustrated as beingpositioned between the ends of strips 50, 52, however, it will beappreciated that strips 70 and/or 72 can extend closer or fully to sideedges 22, 24 of the flexible panel and that the ends of strips 50, 52can terminate at a spaced distance from ends 26 and/or 28 of theflexible solar panel; however, this is not required. As also can beappreciated, two or more of the strips can overlap; however, this is notrequired. As also illustrated in FIG. 4, two strips 80, 82 of connectionmaterial are secured to the top surface 40 of roof system R. Strips 80and 82 are illustrated as being single strips of connection material;however, this is not required. Strips 80, 82 are illustrated as beingpositioned between the ends of strips 60, 62, however, it will beappreciated that the ends of strips 60, 62 can terminate into strips 80,82 and/or two or more the strips can overlap; however, this is notrequired. Strips 80, 82 are positioned on the top surface 40 of roofsystem R so that such strips are fully or partially aligned with strips70, 72 when the flexible solar panel is placed on the roofing system.The use of strips 70, 72, 80, 82 is optional. These strips of connectionmaterials, when used, facilitate is maintaining end edges 26, 28 of theflexible panel connected to the top surface 40 of roof system R. In onenon-limiting arrangement, the strips of connection material arepositioned on or closely adjacent to (e.g., within 3 inches, within 2includes, within 1 inch, etc.) at least about 60% of the outer edge ofthe flexible panel, more typically at least about 75% of the outer edgeof the flexible panel, even more typically at least about 80% of theouter edge of the flexible panel, still more typically at least about90% of the outer edge of the flexible panel, and even still moretypically at least about 95% of the outer edge of the flexible panel.Although not illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, a similar arrangement can beused for the strips of connection material on the rigid solar panel;however, this is not required.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1-6, the strips of connection material arenon-releasably connected to one another by a connection material 160(e.g., adhesive, hot melt, bitumen coatings, polyurethane coatings,etc.). The connection material can be a preexisting coating on one ormore of the strips of connection material, and/or can be coated on oneor more strips of the connection material prior to the solar panelsbeing connected to the roofing material. The connection material 160 canbe the same or different material used to connect the one or more stripsof connection material to the solar panels and/or roofing material.Although it is illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 that connection material issecured to both the solar panels and roofing material prior to the solarpanels being connected to the roofing material; it can be appreciatedthat the connection material may only be applied to the solar panel orthe roofing material prior to the solar panel being connected to theroofing material. For example, one modification to the arrangementillustrated in FIG. 5 could be that connection strips 60, 62, 80 and 82on the roofing material are eliminated and only connection strips 70,72, or 52, 54, or 52, 54, 70, 72 are pre-applied to the solar panelprior to the solar panel being connected to the roofing material. Insuch an arrangement, connection material 160 could be applied to theroofing material prior to connecting the solar panel to the roofingmaterial, and/or connection material 160 could be applied to theconnection strip on the solar panel prior to connecting the solar panelto the roofing material. Another modification to the arrangementillustrated in FIG. 5 could be that connection strips 50, 52, 70, 72 onthe solar panel are eliminated and only connection strips 60, 62, or 80,82, or 60, 62, 80, 82 are pre-applied to the roofing material prior tothe solar panel being connected to the roofing material. In such anarrangement, connection material 160 could be applied to the solar panelprior to connecting the solar panel to the roofing material, and/orconnection material 160 could be applied to the connection strip on theroofing material prior to connecting the solar panel to the roofingmaterial.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a strip of connection material 300 can besecured to the bottom surface of a flexible solar panel, the bottomsurface of a rigid plate of a non-flexible solar panel, the bottomsurface of a frame of a non-flexible solar panel, and/or the top surfaceof a roof system by the use of an adhesive 200. Many different types ofadhesives can be used, thus the type of adhesive is non-limiting. In onenon-limiting arrangement, the connection material includes an adhesivebacking on the strip 300. In another and/or alternative non-limitingarrangement, the adhesive is a material that is applied to the backingon strip 300 and/or on the top surface of roofing R prior to the stripbeing connected to the roofing surface. As illustrated in FIG. 5, thestrip of connection material includes a top surface 302 and a bottomsurface 304. The bottom surface 304 is connected by adhesive 200 to thebottom surface of a flexible solar panel, the bottom surface of a rigidplate of a non-flexible solar panel, the bottom surface of a frame of anon-flexible solar panel, and/or the top surface of a roof system, notshown. The top surface 302 of strip 300 may also include an adhesive,not shown.

Referring again to FIG. 6, there is illustrated a solar panel such as,but not limited to, a flexible solar panel 400 that includes one or morestrips of connection material 300 connected to the bottom surface 402 ofthe flexible solar panel by an adhesive 200. As illustrated in FIG. 6,the adhesive 200 is positioned between the bottom surface 304 of theconnection material and the bottom surface 402 of the solar panel. Thestrip of connection material 500 is illustrated as being connected by anadhesive 600 to the top surface 40 of roof system R. Adhesive 600 can bethe same type of material as adhesive 200; however, this is notrequired. The thickness of adhesive layers 200 and 600 can be the sameor different. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the adhesive 600 is positionedbetween the bottom surface 504 of the strip of connection material 500and the top surface 40 of the roof system. The top surface 302 of strip300 and the top surface 502 of strip 500 are connected together by abonding or adhesive material 510. The type and configuration of strips300 and 500 are generally the same; however, this is not required. Theconnection strips can be used to form an air space between the flexiblesolar panel 400 and the top surface 40 of the roof system; however, thisis not required. The air space has the potential advantage of 1)allowing for heat dissipation between the solar panel and roof system soas to reduce the incidence of heat damage to the solar panels, and/orthe roof system, 2) allowing for drainage of liquid and/or aeration ofliquid that may flow or settle between the solar panel and roof systemso as to reduce liquid build-up between the solar panel and the roofsystem that could cause damage to the solar panel and/or the roofsystem, and/or could result in the formation of mold and/or mildewbetween the solar panel and the roof system.

Referring now to FIG. 7, there is illustrated a foundation strip oradhesion platform 700 that can be used to enhance or improve theconnection of a strip of connection material to the solar panel and/orthe roof system. The use of the adhesion platform 700 is an optionalfeature of the invention. The size, shape, thickness and composition ofthe adhesion platform is non-limiting. As illustrated in FIG. 7, theadhesion platform has a generally rectangular cross-section shape;however, this is not required. The thickness of the adhesion platformalong the longitudinal length is illustrated as generally constant;however, this is not required. The type of adhesive/bonding material 750used to connect the foundation strip or adhesion platform 700 to the topsurface of the roof system is also non-limiting. As illustrated in FIG.7, the adhesive/bonding material is illustrated as being first placed onthe roofing system R prior to connecting the foundation strip oradhesion platform 700 to the roofing system. As can be appreciated, theadhesive/bonding material can be first placed on the bottom of thefoundation strip or adhesion platform 700 prior to connecting thefoundation strip or adhesion platform 700 to the roofing system R. Ascan also be appreciated, the adhesive/bonding material can be firstplaced on the bottom of the foundation strip or adhesion platform 700and on the roofing system prior to connecting the foundation strip oradhesion platform 700 to the roofing system R. Furthermore, it can beappreciated that the bottom surface of the foundation strip or adhesionplatform 700 can include an pre-applied adhesive/bonding materialbacking during the manufacture of the foundation strip or adhesionplatform 700. Adhesive/bonding material 750 is illustrated as being in aliquid form that is applied to the surface of the roofing system,however, it can be appreciated that the adhesive/bonding material couldbe an adhesive strip.

Referring now to FIG. 8, an adhesion platform 900 is illustrated asbeing connected to the bottom surface 802 of flexible solar panel 800and another adhesion platform 1100 is connected to the top surface 40 ofthe roof system R. As can be appreciated, when the adhesion platform isused, the adhesion platform may be used on both the roof system and thesolar panel, or may be only used on the solar panel or the roof system.As illustrated in FIG. 8, an adhesive layer 1000 is used to connect thebottom surface of adhesion platform 900 to the bottom surface 802 of theflexible solar panel 800. An adhesive layer 1200 is illustrated as beingused to connect the bottom surface of adhesion platform 1100 to the topsurface 40 of the roof system R. The types of materials used foradhesive layers 1000, 1200 can be the same or different. The thicknessof the adhesive layers 1000, 1200 can be the same or different.Connected to the top surface of adhesion platform 900 is a strip ofconnection material 1300 such as, but not limited to, an adhesive strip.Likewise, connected to the top surface of adhesion platform 1100 is astrip of connection material 1400 such as, but not limited to, anadhesive strip. The connection material can be in the form of a strip ofmaterial and/or merely be an adhesive/bonding material. When a strip ofconnection material is used, the strip of connection material can beconnected to the adhesion platform on the solar panel and/or the roofsystem. The strip of connection material, when used, can be connected tothe adhesion platform in a variety of ways (e.g., adhesive, bitumencoatings, polyurethane coatings, rivet, stitching, staple, nail, screw,etc.). When an adhesive is used, the adhesive can be the same ordifferent as adhesive 750, 1000, 1200 as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.As illustrated in FIG. 8, the width of the adhesion platform is greaterthan the width of the strip of connection material; however, it can beappreciated that the width of the adhesion platform can be the same orsmaller than the width of the strip of connection material. Generally,the ratio of the width of at least one strip of connection material tothe width of the adhesion platform along one or more portions of thelongitudinal length of the adhesion platform is about 0.05-1.5:1,typically about 0.1-1.2:1, and more typically about 0.2-1:1. As alsoillustrated in FIG. 8, the thickness of the adhesion platform is greaterthan the thickness of the strip of connection material; however, it canbe appreciated that the thickness of the adhesion platform can be thesame or smaller than the thickness of the strip of connection material.As also illustrated in FIG. 8, the length of the adhesion platform isgreater than the length of the strip of connection material; however,the length of the adhesion platform can be the same or less than thelength of the strip of connection material.

Referring now to FIG. 11, there is illustrated a non-limiting method forpreparing a roof surface of a roof system for connection directly to asolar panel, or to an adhesion platform, or a strip of connectionmaterial. Roof system R is illustrated as being a granulated surfacesystem that includes granules 42 on the top surface of the roof system.As can be appreciated, roof system R could instead be a pre-manufacturedroofing material that is to be applied to a roof system. As illustratedin FIG. 11, a granule removal tool 1500 such as, but not limited to, aspade or like tool is used to remove granules 42 and/or any other typeof texture material from a portion of a the top surface of the roofsystem. This clean portion 44 includes fewer or no granules and/or othertype of texture material after the cleaning process is completed. Theclean portion can be used to enhance the connection between the topsurface of the roof system and the solar panel, the adhesion platform orthe strip of connection material. Loose granules and/or texture materialon the top surface of the roof surface can sometimes compromise andweaken the connection strength between the roof system and solar panel,the adhesion platform or the strip of connection material. The removalof some or all of the granules and/or texture material on a portion ofthe top surface of the roof system prior to connecting the solar panel,the adhesion platform or the strip of connection material to the roofsystem can be used to overcome or minimize this potential problem.

Referring now to FIG. 12, there is illustrated a pre-manufactured roofmaterial 1700 that includes a top surface 1702 that includes granules1704 and/or some other type of texture material. The roofing materialcan be any type of roofing material (e.g., single ply, MB, BUR, asphaltshingled system, metal roofing system, etc.) that includes granulesand/or some other type of texture material on the top surface of theroofing material. During the manufacturing process of the roofingmaterial, a removable strip 1706 is applied to a portion of the topsurface 1702 of the roofing material prior to the granules 1704 and/orother type of texture material being applied to the top surface of theroofing material. The material used to form the removable strip isnon-limiting. Typically the removable strip is a flexible material(e.g., plastic, paper, polymeric material, etc.); however, this is notrequired. The manner in which the removable strip is applied to the topsurface of the roofing material or is able to be removed from the topsurface of the roofing material is non-limiting. Furthermore, the lengthand width of the removable strip is non-limiting. Also, the location ofthe removable strip on the top surface of the roofing material isnon-limiting. After the roofing material is formed, the removable strip1706 can be removed to expose a clean portion 1708 that is essentiallygranule free and/or texture free on the top surface of the roofingmaterial.

Referring now to FIG. 13, there is illustrated a strip of connectionmaterial 1600 such as, but not limited to, an adhesive strip that isconnected to the clean portion 44 of the roof system R or clean portion1708 of pre-manufactured roof material 1700. The manner in which thestrip of connection material 1600 is connected to the clean portion 44,1708 of the roof system R or pre-manufactured roof material 1700 isnon-limiting. As illustrated in FIG. 13, an adhesive 1610 is used tosecure the strip of connection material 1600 to the clean portion 44,1708 of the roof system R or pre-manufactured roof material 1700. Thetype and/or form (e.g., liquid, adhesive strip, etc.) of the adhesive isnon-limiting. As can be appreciated, the strip of connection materialcan be eliminated and the solar panel can be directly connected to theclean portion 1708 by an adhesive/bonding material.

Referring now to FIG. 14, a strip of adhesion platform 1620 is connectedto the clean portion 44 of the roof system R or clean portion 1708 ofpre-manufactured roof material 1700. The manner in which the strip ofadhesion platform 1620 is connected to the clean portion 44, 1708 of theroof system R or pre-manufactured roof material 1700 is non-limiting. Asillustrated in FIG. 13, an adhesive 1630 is used to secure the strip ofconnection material 1600 to the clean portion 44, 1708 of the roofsystem R or pre-manufactured roof material 1700. The type and/or form(e.g., liquid, adhesive strip, etc.) of the adhesive is non-limiting. Ascan be appreciated, connection material 1600 can be eliminated and thesolar panel can be directly connected to the adhesion platform 1620 byan adhesive/bonding material.

As indicated above, the length and width of the clean portion on theroof system R is non-limiting. Also, the location of the clean portionon the top surface of the roofing material is non-limiting. Asillustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, the length and width of the cleanportion is greater than the length and width of the strip of connectionmaterial and strip of adhesion platform or foundation strip; however, itcan be appreciated, that the length and/or width of the clean portioncan be equal to or smaller than the length and/or width of the strip ofconnection material and/or adhesion platform or foundation strip.

Referring now to FIG. 15, there is illustrated a roofing system R thatincludes a top surface 40 that has a plurality of granules 42 and/orother type of texture material on the top surface. A strip of connectionmaterial 1800 is designed to be connected to the top surface of theroofing system by an adhesive 1900. In this embodiment of the invention,the granules and/or other type of texture material are not removed priorto the strip of connection material being connected to the top surfaceof the roof system. Referring now to FIG. 16, there is illustrated aroofing system R that includes a top surface 40 that has a plurality ofgranules 42 and/or other type of texture material on the top surface.Strip of connection material 1800 is connected by adhesive 1900 to thetop surface of the roofing system. The granules and/or other type oftexture material are not removed prior to the adhesion platform beconnected to the top surface of the roof system. The type and/or form(e.g., liquid, adhesive strip, etc.) of the adhesive 1900 isnon-limiting. Generally the adhesive is a liquid adhesive (e.g.,polyurethane based adhesive, bitumen based adhesive, polyurethane andbitumen based adhesive, methacrylate adhesive, etc.) as illustrated inFIG. 15; however, this is not required.

Referring now to FIG. 17, there is illustrated a roofing system R thatincludes a top surface 40 that has a plurality of granules 42 and/orother type of texture material on the top surface. A strip of strip ofadhesion platform or foundation strip 1810 is designed to be connectedto the top surface of the roofing system by an adhesive 1910. In thisembodiment of the invention, the granules and/or other type of texturematerial are not removed prior to the strip of connection material beingconnected to the top surface of the roof system. A strip of connectionmaterial 2000 such as, but not limited to, an adhesive strip, can beconnected to the top surface of the strip of adhesion platform orfoundation strip. Referring now to FIG. 18, there is illustrated aroofing system R that includes a top surface 40 that has a plurality ofgranules 42 and/or other type of texture material on the top surface.The adhesion platform or foundation strip 1810 is connected by adhesive1910 to the top surface of the roofing system R. The granules and/orother type of texture material are not removed prior to the adhesionplatform be connected to the top surface of the roof system. Connectedto the top surface of the adhesion platform 1810 is a strip ofconnection material 2000 such as, but not limited to, an adhesive strip.As can be appreciated, connection material 2000 can be eliminated andthe solar panel can be directly connected to the adhesion platform 1810by an adhesive/bonding material. The length, thickness and width of theadhesion platform is illustrated as being greater than the length,thickness and width of the strip of connection material; however, it canbe appreciated that the length, thickness and/or width of the adhesionplatform can be equal to or less than the length, thickness and/or widthof the strip of connection material. The strip of connection materialcan be connected to the top surface of the adhesion platform by anynumber of ways. The type and/or form (e.g., liquid, adhesive strip,etc.) of the adhesive 1900 is non-limiting. Generally the adhesive is aliquid adhesive (e.g., polyurethane based adhesive, bitumen basedadhesive, polyurethane and bitumen based adhesive, methacrylateadhesive, etc.) as illustrated in FIG. 17; however, this is notrequired.

Referring now to FIGS. 19 and 20, there is illustrated a solar panel2100 that is non-releasably connected to the top surface 40 of a roofsystem R. The solar panel can be a flexible or non-flexible solar panel.Connected to the bottom surface 2102 of the solar panel is one or morestrips of double sided adhesive strip 2200. The type of adhesive that isused on the sides of the double sided adhesive strip is non-limiting.The adhesives on the sides of the double sided adhesive strip can be thesame or different. The adhesives on the sides of the double sidedadhesive strip can have the same or different thickness. The thicknessand width of the double sided adhesive strip is non-limiting. Asillustrated in FIG. 19, two strips of double sided adhesive strip areconnected to the bottom surface 2102 of the solar panel; however, it canbe appreciated that one strip or more than two strips of double sidedadhesive strip can be connected to the bottom surface 2102 of the solarpanel. The width of the two strips of double sided adhesive strip areillustrated as being narrower than the width of the solar panel;however, this is not required. The ratio of the width of at least onestrip of double sided adhesive strip to the width of the flexible solarpanel along one or more portions of the longitudinal length of the stripof double sided adhesive strip and solar panel is about 0.005-1.5:1,typically about 0.01-1.2:1, and more typically about 0.02-1:1. As isevident from these width ratios, the width of the strip of double sidedadhesive strip can be equal to or greater than the width of the solarpanel. In such a configuration, the bottom surface of the solar paneltypically includes only a single strip of double sided adhesive strip.When two or more strips of double sided adhesive strip are connected tothe bottom surface of the solar panel, one or more of the strip ofdouble sided adhesive strip have a width ratio to the solar panel alongone or more portions of the longitudinal length of the strip of doublesided adhesive strip and solar panel of about 0.005-0.5:1, typicallyabout 0.01-0.4:1, more typically about 0.02-0.3:1, and even moretypically about 0.05-0.25:1. The strips of double sided adhesive stripare illustrated as being generally aligned with the two longitudinalside edges the solar panel along the longitudinal length of the flexiblesolar panel; however, it can be appreciated that a portion of one orboth of strips of double sided adhesive strip can extend outwardly(i.e., overlap) from one or both longitudinal side edges of the solarpanel along one or more portion of the longitudinal length of the solarpanel, and/or a portion of one or both of strips of double sidedadhesive strip can be spaced inwardly from one or both longitudinal sideedges of the solar panel along one or more portion of the longitudinallength of the solar panel. When one or both of strips of double sidedadhesive strip are spaced inwardly from one or both longitudinal sideedges of the solar panel along one or more portion of the longitudinallength of the solar panel, the inward spacing distance is generally lessthan 6 inches, and generally about 0.25-4 inches; however, other spacingdistances can be used. As also illustrated in FIG. 19, the strips ofdouble sided adhesive strip are illustrated as continuous strips;however, it can be appreciated that one or both strips may not becontinuous along the longitudinal length of the solar panel. As alsoillustrated in FIG. 19, the strips of double sided adhesive strip areillustrated as terminating at the two end edges of the solar panel;however, it can be appreciated that one or both strips can terminate atsome inwardly spaced distance from one or both end edges of the solarpanel, or extend beyond one or both of the end edges of the solar panel.When one or both of strips of double sided adhesive strip are inwardlyspaced from one or both end edges of the solar panel, the spacingdistance is generally less than 6 inches, and generally about 0.25-4inches; however, other spacing distances can be used.

Referring now to FIG. 20, one non-limiting type of strip of double sidedadhesive strip 2200 is illustrated. The strip of double sided adhesivestrip is shown to include a removable film 2202, 2204 that is releasablyconnected to the top and bottom sides 2206, 2208 of the strip of doublesided adhesive strip. The type of material used for the removable filmis non-limiting. In practice, removable film 2202 can be remove toexpose the adhesive surface on the top side 2206 of the strip of doublesided adhesive strip so that the top side can be connected to the bottomside of a solar panel or frame or a solar panel, the surface of anadhesion platform that is connected to a solar panel, the surface of anadhesion platform that is connected to a roof system or roofingmaterial, or the surface of a roof system or roofing material. Once thetop side of the strip of double sided adhesive strip has been connectedto a surface, removable film 2204 can be remove to exposed the adhesivesurface on the bottom side 2208 the strip of double sided adhesivestrip. The adhesive surface on the bottom side of the strip of doublesided adhesive strip can then be connected to the bottom side of a solarpanel or frame or a solar panel, the surface of an adhesion platformthat is connected to a solar panel, the surface of an adhesion platformthat is connected to a roof system or roofing material, or the surfaceof a roof system or roofing material so as to non-removably connect asolar panel to a roof system. As can be appreciated, both removablefilms can be removed from the strip of double sided adhesive strip priorto connecting either side of the strip of double sided adhesive strip toa surface. As can also be appreciated, the strip of double sidedadhesive strip can be pre-applied to a solar panel and/or roofingmaterial prior to transporting the solar panel and/or roofing materialto the site that the solar panels are to be connected to a roofingsystem. As can be appreciated, the strips of connection arrangement 50,52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 72, 80, 82, 140, 142,150, 152, 300, 500, 1300, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 in FIGS. 1-6, 8-10,and 13-19 can be a single or double sided adhesive strip that is similarto or the same as strip 2200; however, this is not required.

Referring now to FIGS. 21 and 22, there is illustrated a non-limitingembodiment to secure the ends of a solar panel to a roof system. FIG. 21illustrates a flexible solar panel that is connected to a roof system ina manner similar to the solar panel illustrated in FIG. 1, thus similarnumbering will be used. As illustrated in FIG. 21, flexible solar panel20 has a generally rectangular shape and has two longitudinal side edges22, 24 and two end edges 26, 28. The flexible solar panel also has a topsurface 30 and a bottom surface 32. Two strips of connection material50, 52 are illustrated as being connected to the bottom surface 32 ofthe flexible solar panel and at or adjacent to the two longitudinal sideedges 22, 24 of the flexible solar panel. Also, two strips of connectionmaterial 60, 62 are illustrated as being connected to the top surface 40of roof system R. The strips of connection material 50, 52 areillustrated as being generally aligned with the two longitudinal sideedges 22, 24 of the flexible solar panel along the longitudinal lengthof the flexible solar panel. As also illustrated in FIG. 21, the stripsof connection material 50, 52 are illustrated as terminating at the twoend edges 26, 28 of the solar panel. As best illustrated in FIG. 22, thetwo end edges 26, 28 of the solar panel are held down on the roof systemby the use of an end strip 2300. The bottom surface 2302 of the endstrip includes two strips of connection material 2400 such as, but notlimited to, an adhesive/bonding material. The two strips of connectionmaterial 2400, 2402 are illustrated as running along the edges 2304,2306 of the end strip. As can be appreciated, the configuration of theone or more strips of connection material on the bottom surface of theend strip is non-limiting. The top surface 30 of the solar panelincludes a strip of connection material 2500 such as, but not limitedto, an adhesive strip. Also the top surface 40 of the roof system Rincludes a strip of connection material 2600 such as, but not limitedto, an adhesive strip. Strips of connection material 2500, 2600 can beconnected to the solar panel and roof system in a variety of ways. Ascan be appreciated, one or both of the strips of connection material2500, 2600 can be eliminated and substitute for an adhesive/bondingmaterial. As illustrated in FIG. 22, strip 2300 is designed to securethe two end edges 26, 28 of the solar panel to the roof system. Such aconnection has the advantage of inhibiting the uplifting of the ends ofthe solar panel when exposed to high wind conditions. As can beappreciated, other or additional advantages may exist when using endstrip 2300. As can also be appreciated, one or both ends of the solarpanel can be secured to the top surface of the roof system in other oradditional ways.

It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those madeapparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained, andsince certain changes may be made in the constructions set forth withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intendedthat all matter contained in the above description and shown in theaccompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense. The invention has been described with reference topreferred and alternate embodiments. Modifications and alterations willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading andunderstanding the detailed discussion of the invention provided herein.This invention is intended to include all such modifications andalterations insofar as they come within the scope of the presentinvention. It is also to be understood that the following claims areintended to cover all of the generic and specific features of theinvention herein described and all statements of the scope of theinvention, which, as a matter of language, might be said to falltherebetween.

1. A roofing system or siding system having a non-removably connectedsolar panel to a surface of said roof system or siding system comprisinga roofing or siding material having an upper surface, a solar panelhaving an upper and lower surface, and a strip connection material; saidstrip of connection material connected to said lower surface of saidsolar panel, connected to said upper surface of said roof or sidingmaterial, and combinations thereof.
 2. The roofing system or sidingsystem as defined in claim 1, wherein said strip of connection materialincludes a first and second side, said first side of said strip ofconnection material connected to said lower surface of said solar panelor to a strip of adhesion platform that is connected to said lowersurface of said solar panel, said second side of said strip ofconnection material is connected to said top surface of said roofing orsiding material or to a strip of adhesion platform that is connected tosaid top surface of said roofing or siding material.
 3. The roofingsystem or siding system as defined in claim 1, including first andsecond strips of said connection material, each of said strips ofconnection material includes a first and second side, said first side ofsaid first strip of connection material connected to said lower surfaceof said solar panel or to a strip of adhesion platform that is connectedto said lower surface of said solar panel, said first side of saidsecond strip of connection material is connected to said top surface ofsaid roofing or siding material or to a strip of adhesion platform thatis connected to said top surface of said roofing or siding material,said second side of said first and second strips of connection materialconnected together.
 4. The roofing system or siding system as defined inclaim 1, wherein said solar panel is a flexible solar panel.
 5. Theroofing system or siding system as defined in claim 1, wherein saidstrip of connection material is connected to less than a majority ofsaid lower surface of said solar panel or to less than a majority of asurface of said adhesion platform.
 6. The roofing system or sidingsystem as defined in claim 1, wherein said lower surface of said solarpanel includes a plurality of strips of connection material.
 7. Theroofing system or siding system as defined in claim 1, wherein saidupper surface of said roof or siding material includes a plurality ofstrips said connection material.
 8. The roofing system or siding systemas defined in claim 2, wherein said top surface of said roofing orsiding material includes granules, a portion of said top surface of saidroofing or siding material including a non-granulated region, saidsecond side of said strip of connection material is connected to saidnon-granulated region on said top surface of said roofing or sidingmaterial or to a strip of adhesion platform that is connected to saidnon-granulated region of said top surface of said roofing or sidingmaterial.
 9. The roofing system or siding system as defined in claim 3,wherein said top surface of said roofing or siding material includesgranules, a portion of said top surface of said roofing or sidingmaterial including a non-granulated region, said first side of saidsecond strip of connection material is connected to said non-granulatedregion on said top surface of said roofing or siding material or to astrip of adhesion platform that is connected to said non-granulatedregion on said top surface of said roofing or siding material.
 10. Amethod for non-releasably connecting a solar panel to a roof system orsiding system comprising: a. providing a solar panel that has an upperand lower surface, said upper surface designed to received solarradiation for conversion into energy; b. providing a roofing or sidingmaterial that has a top and bottom surface; c. providing a first stripof connector arrangement, said first strip of connector arrangementhaving a top and bottom surface; d. securing said bottom surface of saidroofing or siding material to a building structure; e. connecting saidbottom surface of said first strip to said lower surface of said solarpanel or to a strip of adhesion platform that is connected to said lowersurface of said solar panel; and, f. connecting said bottom surface ofsaid first strip of connection material to said upper surface of saidroofing or siding material, to a second strip of connection materialthat is connected to said upper surface of said roofing or sidingmaterial, or to a second strip of connection material that is connectedto an adhesion platform that is in turn connected to said upper surfaceof said roofing or siding material.
 11. The method as defined in claim10, wherein said solar panel is a flexible solar panel.
 12. The methodas defined in claim 10, wherein said first strip of connection materialis connected to less than a majority of said lower surface of said solarpanel or to less than a majority of a surface of said adhesion platform.13. The method as defined in claim 10, wherein said lower surface ofsaid solar panel includes a plurality of said first strips.
 14. Themethod as defined in claim 10, wherein said top surface of said roofingor siding material includes granules and including the step of cleaningor modifying said upper surface of said roofing or siding material toremove granules or texture material from only a portion of said uppersurface of said roofing or siding material to form a non-granulatedregion prior to connecting said first strip of connection material tosaid non-granulated region, prior to connecting said second strip ofconnection material to said non-granulated region, or prior toconnecting said adhesion platform to said non-granulated region.
 15. Themethod as defined in claim 14, wherein said step of cleaning includesremoving a removable pre-applied cover from said top surface of saidroofing or siding material, said removable pre-applied cover applied tosaid roofing or siding material while said roofing or siding materialwas being manufactured.